Have you ever fallen unwell after eating some dodgy food, or sharing space with someone who was coughing, or maybe mysteriously, right before school on a Monday? When we "catch a bug", or "spread germs", we're actually talking about pathogens. A pathogen is an infectious organism that causes disease when it enters our bodies. They can be of many types, the most common of which are - bacteria, viruses, protozoa, worms, and fungi. There are tens of thousands of known species of bacteria (and still counting!), some of which are harmless or even useful to us. However, pathogenic bacteria can cause serious illnesses in humans, a few of which are listed below. A patient enters your clinic with complaints of fever, chills, and frequent headaches. There is no sign of congestion or a sore throat, but she has a bad cough and trouble breathing properly. Helminths, or parasitic worms, are some of the most common and largest pathogens known to us (adults are usually visible to the naked eye). Many helminths can live free of hosts, but others can infect humans with the diseases.
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